Lualualei Ionogram at
15:52 UTC on 06/01
Updates every 7.5 minutes
Vertical Scale: Altitude in km
Horizontal Scale: Freq. in Mhz.
• Propagation is best on frequencies having multiple
horizontal reflecting layers.
• A layer above 350 km indicates weaker propagation
than a layer at a lower altitude.
• A thick E layer (below 150 km) can produce
excellent propagation when there is no F2 layer.
• Vertical "rain" indicates a weak reflecting layer
with increased atmospheric noise.
• Vertical artifacts below 150 km are foreign or
domestic broadcast stations.
Ionogram provided by UML Space Science Lab